Peters, J.; Sourkounis, C. M.; Wiese, M.; Kwasnitschka, T.; Raatz, A. (2023): Single Channel Soft Robotic Actuator Leveraging Switchable Strain-Limiting Structures for Deep-Sea Suction Sampling, 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Detroit, MI, USA, pp. 6484-6490
DOI: 10.1109/IROS55552.2023.10341262
Sourkounis, C. M.; Kwasnitschka, T.; Raatz, A. (2024):Tendon-Driven Continuum Robot for Deep-Sea Application, 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA); Yokohama, Japan
DOI: 10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10611177
Sourkounis, C. M.; Garcia Morales, D. S.; Kwasnitschka, T.; Raatz, A. (2024): Hard Shell, Soft Core: Binary Actuators for Deep-Sea Applications, 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA); Yokohama, Japan
DOI: 10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10610349
Sourkounis, C. M.; Garcia Morales, D. S.; Kwasnitschka, T.; Raatz, A. (2024): Exploring the Deep Sea: Combining a Bistable Mechanism with Origami-Inspired Soft Actuators, IEEE-RAS International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft); San Diego, CA, USA
DOI: 10.1109/RoboSoft60065.2024.10521929
Sourkounis, C. M.; Kwasnitschka, T.; Raatz, A. (2025): Cost-Effective Manufacturing of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Springs for Continuum Robots, IEEE-RAS International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft), Lausanne, Switzerland
DOI: 10.1109/RoboSoft63089.2025.11020940
Sourkounis, C. M.; Wienöbst, H.; Peters, J.; Kwasnitschka, T.; Raatz, A. (2025):Design of a Tendon Driven Virtual Rolling Contact Joint for Deep-Sea Application, Procedia CIRP Design, Patras, Greece
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.061
Schorr, P.; Carrillo Li, E.R.; Kaufhold, T.; Rordiguez Hernandez, J.A.; Zentner, L.; Zimmermann, K.; Böhm, V. (2020): Kinematic analysis of a rolling tensegrity structure with spatially curved members, Meccanica (2020), Springer, (online first publ.), https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-020-01199-x
Chavez Vega, J.; Schorr, P.; Kaufhold, T.; Zentner, L.; Zimmermann, K.; Böhm, V. (2020): Influence of Elastomeric Tensioned Members on the Characteristics of Compliant Tensegrity Structures in Soft Robotic Applications, Proceedia Manufacturing, Elsevier, 2020 (accepted paper) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.11.048
Böhm, V.; Schorr, P.; Feldmeier, T.; Chavez-Vega, J.-H.; Henning, S.; Zimmermann, K.; Zentner, L.: An Approach to Robotic End Effectors Based on Multistable Tensegrity Structures
New Trends in Mechanism and Machine Science, Vol. 89, Pisla, D., Corves, B., Vaida, C. (eds.), Springer, pp. 470-478, 2020. (ISBN: 978-3-030-55060-8) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55061-5_53
Schorr, P.; Chavez, J.; Zentner, L.; Böhm, V.: Reconfigurable Planar Quadrilateral Linkages Based on the Tensegrity Principle. Mechanism and Machine Science, Vol. 96, Zentner, L., Strehle, S. (eds.), Springer, pp. 48-57, 2021. (ISBN: 978-3-030-61651-9) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2020.104172
Schorr, P.; Chavez, J.; Zentner, L.; Böhm, V.: Reconfiguration of planar quadrilateral linkages utilizing the tensegrity principle. J. Mechanism and Machine Theory, Vol. 156 (2021), 104172 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2020.104172
Schorr, P.; Zentner, L.; Zimmermann, K.; Böhm, V.: Jumping locomotion system based on a multistable tensegrity structure. J. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 152 (2021), 107384 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2020.107384
Böhm, V.; Schorr, P.; Schale, F.; Kaufhold, T.; Zentner, L.; Zimmermann, K.: Worm-Like Mobile Robot Based on a Tensegrity Structure. 2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft), 2021, pp. 358-363, https://doi.org/10.1109/RoboSoft51838.2021.9479193
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Kumar, M.; Sharma, A.; Hait, S.; Wießner, S.; Heinrich, G.; Arief, I.; Naskar, K.; Stöckelhuber, K.W.; Das, A. (2020) Effect of Prestrain on the Actuation Characteristics of Dielectric Elastomers. Polymers (Basel), https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112694
Mandal, S.; Simon, F.; Banerjee, S.S; Tunnicliffe, L.B.; Nakason, C.; Das, C.; Das, M.; Naskar, K.; Wiessner, S.; Heinrich, G.; Das, A. (2021): Controlled Release of Metal Ion Cross-Linkers and Development of Self-Healable Epoxidized Natural Rubber, ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2021 3 (2), 1190-1202. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsapm.1c00039#
Banerjee, S.S.; Mandal, S.; Arief, I.; Layek, R.K.; Ghosh, A.K.; Yang, K.; Kumar, J.; Formanek, P.; Fery, A.; Heinrich, G.; Das, A. (2021): Designing Supertough and Ultrastretchable Liquid MetalEmbedded Natural Rubber Composites for Soft-Matter Engineering, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021 13 (13), 15610-15620. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c00374
Banerjee, S.S.; Banerjee, S.; Wießner, S.; Janke, A.; Heinrich, G.; Das, A. (2021) : A New Route to Highly Stretchable and Soft Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Elastomers Using Polydimethylsiloxane as Crosslinker of Epoxidized Natural Rubber, https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202100380
Banerjee, S.S.; Arief, I.; Berthold, R.; Wiese, M.; Bartholdt, M.; Ganguli, D.; Mitra, S.; Mandal, S.; Wallaschek, J.; Raatz, A.; Heinrich, G.; Das, A. (2021) : Super-elastic ultrasoft natural rubber-based piezoresistive sensors for active sensing interface embedded on soft robotic actuator, Applied Materials Today, 25, 2021, 101219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101219
Arief, I.; Zimmermann, P.; Hait, S.; Park, H.; Ghosh, A.K.; Janke, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Nagel, J.; Heinrich, G.; Wiessner, S.; Das, A. (2022): Elastomeric Microwell-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators by in situ Simultaneous Transfer-Printing. Materials Horizons, 2022, Advance Article (https://doi.org/10.1039/D2MH00074A)
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Wiese, M.; Runge-Borchert, G. Cao, B.-H., Raatz, A. (2021): Transfer learning for accurate modeling and control of soft actuators, IEEE 4th Int. Conf. on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft), https://doi.org/10.1109/RoboSoft51838.2021.9479300
Bartholdt, M.; Wiese, M.; Schappler, M.;Spindeldreier, S.; Raatz, A. (2021): A Parameter Identification Method for Static Cosserat Rod Models: Application to Soft Material Actuators with Exteroceptive Sensors. In: 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2021, pp. 624-631, doi: 10.1109/IROS51168.2021.9636447.
Berthold, R.;Bartholdt, M. N.; Wiese, M.; Kahms, S.; Spindeldreier, S.; Raatz, A. (2021): A preliminary study of Soft Material Robotic Modelling: Finite Element Method and Cosserat Rod Model. In: 9th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA), 2021, pp. 7-13, doi: 10.1109/ICCMA54375.2021.9646194.
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Berthold, R; Wiese, M.; Raatz, A. (2022): Investigation of Lateral Compression Effects in Fiber Reinforced Soft Pneumatic Actuators, 2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer, Communications and Mechatronics Engineering (ICECCME), Maldives, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/ICECCME55909.2022.9988565
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Ren, Z.; Zhang, M.; Song, S.; Liu, Z.; Hong, C.; Wang, T.; Dong, X.; Hu, W.; Sitti, M. (2022) : "Soft-robotic ciliated epidermis for reconfigurable coordinated fluid manipulation". Science Advances, vol 8, Issue 34 , eabq2345, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abq2345
Tang, Y.; Li, M.; Wang, T.; Dong, X.; Hu, W.; Sitti, M. (2022). "Wireless Miniature Magnetic Phase-Change Soft Actuators". Advanced Materials, vol. 34, Issue 40, 2204185, e2204185, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202204185
Wang, T.; Ugurlu, H.; Yan, Y.; Li, M.; Wild, A.; Yildiz, M.; Schneider, M.; Sheehan, D.; Hu, W.; Sitti, M. "Adaptive wireless millirobotic locomotion into distal vasculature". Nature Communications, vol 13, Article number: 4465. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32059-9
Wu, Y.; Dong, X.; Kim, J. K.; Wang, C.; Sitti, M. (2022). "Wireless soft millirobots for climbing three-dimensional surfaces in confined spaces". Science advances, vol 8, Issue 21, eabn3431, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abn343
Liu, Z.; Li, M.; Dong, X.; Ren, Z.; Hu, W.; Sitti, M. (2022). "Creating three-dimensional magnetic functional microdevices via molding-integrated direct laser writing". Nature communications, vol 13, Article number: 2016 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29645-2
Li, M.; Tang, Y.; Soon, R. H.; Dong, B.; Hu, W.; Sitti, M. (2022). "Miniature coiled artificial muscle for wireless soft medical devices". Science advances, vol 8, Issue 10, eabm5616. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm5616
Li, M.; Pal, A.; Aghakhani, A.; Pena-Francesch, A.; Sitti, M. (2022). "Soft actuators for real-world applications". Nature reviews. Materials, volume 7, pages235–249 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-021-00389-7
Wang, C.; Wu, Y.; Dong, X.; Armacki, M.; Sitti, M. (2023). "In situ sensing physiological properties of biological tissues using wireless miniature soft robots". Science advances, vol 9, Issue 23, eadg3988, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adg3988
Henke, E.F.M.; Schlatter, S.; Anderson, I.A. (2017): Soft dielectric elastomer oscillators driving bioinspired robots, Bioinspiration & biomimetics 13 (4), 046009 https://doi.org/10.1089/soro.2017.0022
Henke, E.F.M.; Wilson, K.E.; Anderson, I.A. (2018): Modeling of dielectric elastomer oscillators for soft biomimetic applications, Soft robotics 4 (4), 353-366 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/aac911
Henke, E.F.M.; Wilson, K.E.; Slipher, G.A.; Mrozek, R.A.; Anderson, I.A. (2019): Artificial muscle logic devices for autonomous local control, Robotic Systems and Autonomous Platforms, 29-40 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102260-3.00002-0
Ciarella L;, Wilson, K.E; Richter, A; Anderson, I.A; Henke, E.F.M. (2021): Modelling dielectric elastomer circuit networks for soft biomimetics, Bioinspir. Biomim. 16 065006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/ac2786
Ciarella, L; Richter, A; Henke, E.F.M. (2021): Digital electronics using dielectric elastomer structures as transistors, Appl. Phys. Lett. 119, 261901. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0074821
Ciarella, L.; Yi, J.; Wilson, K.E.; Richter, A.; Anderson, I.A.; Henke, E.F.M. (2022): Enabling multichannel communication within dielectric elastomers, Proc. SPIE 12042, Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XXIV, 120420A. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612332
Yi, J.; Ciarella, L.; Shamraienko, V.; Babick, F.; Borin, D.; Scharff, M.; Ni, J.; Wilson, K.E.; Richter, A.; Henke, E.F.M. (2022): Fabrication of piezoresistive devices based on dielectric elastomers via ultrasonic spraying, Proc. SPIE 12042, Electroactive Polymer Actuators and Devices (EAPAD) XXIV, 1204209. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611720
Ciarella, L.; Richter, A.; Henke, E.F.M. (2023): Integrated Logic for Dielectric Elastomers: Replicating the Reflex of the Venus Flytrap, Advanced Materials Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202202000
2025
Liu, L.; Kister, T.; Niebuur, B.-J.; et al. Piezoresistivity Enhancement by Graphite Flake Alignment in Thin Composite Films for Dielectric Elastomer Switches[J]. Advanced Robotics Research, 2025: e202500053. https://doi.org/10.1002/adrr.202500053
C. Munjal, P. E. A. Galinari, J. Peters, A. Raatz and S. Maji. Continuous Freezing of Gait Detection With TinyML on Embedded Systems. 2025 IEEE Applied Sensing Conference (APSCON), Hyderabad, India, 2025, pp. 1-4. 10.1109/APSCON63569.2025.11144277
J. Peters, B. Anvari, J. Licher, M. Wiese, A. Raatz and H. A. Wurdemann. Acceptance and Usability of a Soft Robotic, Haptic Feedback Seat for Autonomy Level Transitions in Highly Automated Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Haptics, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 58-72, Jan.-March 2025. 10.1109/TOH.2024.3392473
J. Licher, J. Peters, A. Raatz and H. A. Wurdemann, "Tendon Locking for Antagonistic Configuration- and Stiffness-Control in Soft Robots," 2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Atlanta, GA, USA, 2025, pp. 15322-15328. 10.1109/ICRA55743.2025.11127937
2021
Ibrahim, S.; Krause, J. C.; Olbrich, A.; Raatz, A. (2021): Modeling and Reconstruction of State Variables for Low-Level Control of Soft Pneumatic Actuators. In: Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol. 8, 32 pages, https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.557830
2020
Boyraz, P.; Tappe, S.; Ortmaier, T.; Raatz, A. (2020): Design of a Low-cost Tactile Robotic Sleeve for Autonomous Endoscopes and Catheters. In: Measurement and Control, (14 pages), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020294019895303
Garcia Morales, D. S.; Ibrahim, I.; Cao, B.-H.; Raatz, A. (2020): Design and Characterization of a 3D Printed Soft Pneumatic Actuator. In: Pisla, D.; Corves, B.; Vaida, C. (Eds.) New Trends in Mechanism and Machine Science (EuCoMeS), Springer, MMS 89, pp. 488-495, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55061-5_55
2019
Ibrahim, S.; Krause, J. C.; Raatz, A. (2019): Linear and Nonlinear Low Level Control of a Soft Pneumatic Actuator, 2nd IEEE Int. Conf. on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft), Seoul, Korea (South), pp. 434-440, https://ieeeexplore.ieee.org/document/8722737
Krause, J. C.; Ibrahim, S.; Raatz, A. (2019): Evaluation Environment for Control Design of Soft Pneumatic Actuators, Tagungsband des 4. Kongresses Montage Handhabung Industrieroboter, Springer Vieweg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 74-83, (9 pages) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59317-2_8
2018
Boyraz, P.; Runge, G.; Raatz, A. (2018): An Overview of Novel Actuators for Soft Robotics. In: Actuators 2018, 7(3), 48, (21 pages), https://doi.org/10.3390/act7030048
Preller, T.; Runge, G.; Zellmer, S.; Menzel, D., Saein, S.A.; Raatz, A. Tiersch, B.; Koetz, J.; Garnweitner, G. (2019): Particle-Reinforced and Functionalized Hydrogels for SpineMan, a Soft Robotics Application, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 54, pp. 4444-4456, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-3106-6
2017
Blankemeyer, S.; Losensky, J.; Peters, J.; Raatz, A.: Design principles for stiffness adjustment in soft material robotics using layer jamming. In: Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Engineering, Science, and Applications (ICESA), 2017, Vol. 1, pp. 39-56, (Global Academic-Industrial Cooperation Society (GAICS)), Tokyo, 2017, ISSN 2521-3717, (27 pages)
Runge, G.; Peters, J.; Raatz, A. (2017): Design Optimization of Soft Pneumatic Actuators Using Genetic Algorithms. In: IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Biomimetics (RoBio 2017), pp. 393- 400 (8 pages), https://ieeeexplore.ieee.org/document/8324449
Runge, G.; Wiese, M.; Raatz, A. (2017): FEM-Based Training of Artificial Neural Networks for Modular Soft Robots. In: IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Biomimetics (RoBio 2017), pp. 385- 392 (8 pages), https://ieeeexplore.ieee.org/document/8324448
Runge, G.; Wiese, M.; Günther, L.; Raatz, A.: A framework for the kinematic modeling of soft material robots combining finite element analysis and piecewise constant curvature kinematics. In: IEEE Int. Conf. on Control, Automation and Robotics (ICCAR 2017), 2017, eISBN 978-1-5090-6088-7, (8 pages), https://ieeeexplore.ieee.org/document/7942652
Runge, G.; Raatz, A.: A framework for the automated design and modelling of soft robotic systems. In: CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, Elsevier B.V., 2017, Vol. 66/1, pp. 9-12, ISSN 0007-8506, (4 pages), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.104
2015
Raatz, A.; Blankemeyer, S.; Runge, G.; Bruns, S.; Borchert, G.: Opportunities and Challenges for the Design of Inherently Safe Robots. In: Verl, A.; Albu-Schäffer, A.; Brock, O.; Raatz, A. (Eds.): Soft Robotics – Transferring Theory to Application, Springer, 2015, pp. 173-183, (11 Seiten) ISBN 978-3-662-44505-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44506-8_15
Runge, G.; Preller, T.; Zellmer, S.; Blankemeyer, S.; Kreuz, M.; Garnweitner, G.; Raatz, A.: SpineMan: Design of a Soft Robotic Spine-Like Manipulator for Safe Human-Robot Interaction. In: IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2015, pp. 1103-1110 (8 pages) https://ieeeexplore.ieee.org/document/7353508
Runge, G.; Zellmer, S.; Preller, T.; Garnweitner, G.; Raatz, A.: Actuation Principles for the Bioinspired Soft Robotic Manipulator SpineMan. In: IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Biomimetics (RoBio), 2015, pp.1329-1336 (8 pages) https://ieeeexplore.ieee.org/document/7418955
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